Umlando Omfishane Wezihlalo Zokudlela Zesitayela Sekhefi

Ngaphezu kwamatafula ekhofi aseFrance nezihlalo, izambulela nezihlalo ze-bistro zezimboni. Izindawo zokudlela ezinamathafa, izindlu ezinamathala nezingadi, ngisho nezibhedlela nezikole ezinamagceke zinefenisha yokuhlala ye-bistro.

Lapho kushiwo igama elithi bistro, umuntu ukhunjuzwa imigwaqo yaseParisian egcwele amatafula nezihlalo ngaphansi kwezibani zasemgwaqweni ezipinki. Akunakwenzeka ukuxoxa ngomphakathi we-caf yaseParis ngaphandle kokucabanga ngesihlalo esidumile sase-French bistro. Akumangazi uma ucabanga ukuthi bezikhona yonke indawo eParis kusukela ngekhulu le-19, lapho amathofi echuma. Amatafula nezihlalo ezigoqayo zensimbi yaseParis Bistro, ezakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, zaziwunkulunkulu wamasimu ezindawo zokudlela ezincane (ama-French bistros) ayechuma yonke indawo ngaleso sikhathi.

Lesi yisihlalo esigoqayo esinemicu yensimbi. Yanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngu-Edouard Leclerc njengoSimplex ngo-1889, kwase kuthi umkhiqizi wayo oyinhloko uFermob wayiqamba ngokuthi "isihlalo se-bistro". I-Vitra Design Museum eJalimane ithi isihlalo sensimbi sama-Pauchard empeleni siwukuthuthukiswa komklamo wangaphambili ngomunye umFulentshi, u-Joseph Mathieu, owakha isihlalo sakhe sokugoqa sensimbi se-Multipls ekuqaleni kwawo-1920. Isazi-mlando sokuklama uCharlotte Fielle (Charlotte Fielle) ubhale ngokuhlanganyela izincwadi ezimbalwa ezihlalweni. Wathi wayezifundile ezinye izihlalo ezifanayo zangaleso sikhathi futhi wathola ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi inguqulo kaMathieus yayingeyokuqala yini. .

Lezi esizibona namuhla zisekelwe ku-Tolix "Isihlalo" umklami ongumFulentshi u-Xavier Poshar walethela emakethe ngo-1934, ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-Tolix. Abahlinzeki bezihlalo ze-Bentwood, abagqugquzelwe yi-Thonet, bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa le ndlela ukukhiqiza ifenisha ngalesi sitayela sakudala. Yonke ifenisha yokhuni egobile, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobonhlobo zefenisha ye-Trent, ivela esihlalweni sokuqala sokhuni esigobile esenziwe umenzi wekhabhinethi waseJalimane-Austrian uMichael Thonet ngeminyaka yawo-1850 eVienna. Ngokufika kwesitayela sezimboni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, isihlalo sasuka kuma-bistro siya ezindlini futhi sihlala siyisisekelo sokuklama kwangaphakathi namuhla.

Lolu hlobo lwefenisha lufaneleka kakhulu kumabha nezindawo zokudlela ezifuna ifenisha yokuhweba. Izihlalo eziningi zethaveni zensimbi zingapakishwa ngokushesha futhi kalula, okusho ukuthi zihamba kalula futhi zimelana nesimo sezulu. I-Bistro Tables-amatafula amahle ompheme, amasimu nezingadi ezincane. Leli tafula lokudlela lizungezwe izihlalo ezinyakazayo zaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka.

Ibuye ibe umngane omkhulu wanoma yisiphi isitayela setafula lokudlela. Lezi zihlalo zokudlela zamaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka zenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile lwe-elm elinezihlalo zemvelo ze-rattan, ziletha ukusebenza kanye nesitayela kunoma yiliphi ikhaya. Siphinde sinikeze izihlalo ze-Sika Design rattan kanye nefenisha ye-Haste Garden bistro. Sicele abaklami bangaphakathi abayi-10, abahleli, abagqugquzeli nababhali ukuthi babelane ngezihlalo zabo zokudlela ezishibhile abazithandayo-lokhu akukona ukulingisa kwe-Eiffel Tower-iningi layo eliguquguqukayo futhi lingasetshenziswa njengamatafula noma ifenisha yangaphandle. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi zikhona, futhi nakuba zingabizi kakhulu, i-Design Within Reach-ezinye izihlalo zokudlela zingathengiswa ngo-$1,000 noma ngaphezulu-ziyimali ethe xaxa, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ikhwalithi. Kwenziwe eYurophu, ”kusho yena.

Ngenkathi isihlalo sikaTolix sibiza cishe u- $ 300 kusuka ku-Design Within Reach, ungathola isihlalo esinjengalesi ngemali encane kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlalo zensimbi zesitayela sezimboni nakho kutholakala kabanzi ngamanani aphansi. Izihlalo zokuqala zepulasitiki ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi ezafika emakethe ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1950, okwangempela kwe-Eiffel yakudala ngokuvamile kubiza ngaphezulu kwama- $ 300 ucezu. Abahlinzeki bokuqala bathi amakhophi awaklanyelwe ukuhlala isikhathi eside - I-Emeco yaziwa ngokulahla isihlalo sayo ebhilidini elinezitezi eziyisishiyagalombili ukuze ifakazele ukwethembeka kwayo.

Iningi lale miklamo yedokodo yomlando isengathengwa ematafuleni nasezihlalweni zaseMissouri. Namuhla, ifenisha yethaveni inezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ongakhetha kuzo, kusukela kunsimbi ekhandiwe yokuhlobisa kuya epulasitiki, kusukela ngokhuni kuya ku-aluminium.

Eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "itafula elintantayo", amatafula nezihlalo eziphathwayo zingabekwa noma yikuphi. Lezi zihlalo zivame ukuba phakathi nendawo yokudlela, kude nezindonga noma ezinye izakhiwo. Izindawo eziningi zengeze amatafula amabili ngoba alungele ukudla kwakusihlwa kwababili futhi ngeke ashiye izihlalo ezimbili ezingenalutho etafuleni noma idokodo labantu abane.

Itafula elinendawo yezihlalo eziyisithupha lingase libukeke livumelana kakhulu nezitayela zokuhlala ezintathu kunesinye ngasinye. Uma ukhathazekile ngesici sokubumbana sokusetha kwakho, zama ukusebenzisa izitayela zezihlalo ezimbili kuphela - esisodwa esekhanda bese esinye esosezinhlangothini. Isihlalo esiseceleni sokhuni esigobile sihamba kahle ngezihlalo ezigobile, futhi izihlalo eziningi zokhuni ezigobile zinezihlalo ezigobekile noma isihlalo sokhuni esinezimbobo kancane esinikeza amakhasimende indawo yokuhlala enethezekile.

Imigqa ethambile, egobile yezihlalo zokhuni ezigobile ifana nesitayela sekhofi esiphuphile saseYurophu. Sidalwe umFulentshi osebenza ngensimbi cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lesi sitayela sezihlalo manje sesiyintandokazi kumakhefi nasezindlini emhlabeni jikelele. Izihlalo zokudlela zasezimbonini ziyashesha ukuba yintandokazi kumakhefi, izindawo zokudlela namabha, kanye nasekhaya. Lokhu akubangelwa kuphela isitayela esiyingqayizivele esinikezwa izihlalo zokudlela ze-Xavier Pauchard zezimboni, kodwa futhi ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu yenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokuqina kwefenisha enjalo.

Nokho, namuhla awudingi ukunamathela nje isitayela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka izihlalo zokudlela zanamuhla. Uma ufana nami futhi ugcina unezihlalo eziningi, umqondo wetafula lokudlela elinezihlalo ezingafani cishe yiyona ndlela ewusizo kakhulu futhi enolwazi lokuklama ongayenza. Umehluko omncane kuphela wesitayela (isibonelo, izihlalo ezinesakhiwo esifanayo, kodwa i-shades ehlukene ye-gray upholstery) ingabonakala sengathi uzama ukungaphumeleli ukuyihlanganisa.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukudizayina indawo yokudlela yokudlela, nquma ukuthi ufuna indawo evulekile noma igumbi elincane. Ezinye izitayela zokudlela zingase zibe nendawo enkulu yokudlela, kanti ezinye zidinga izindawo zokudlela ezengeziwe zamaphathi angasese. Uma ukhetha ukuhlobisa nesakhiwo sendawo yokudlela entsha, qiniseka ukuthi ubhekisela kumhlahlandlela wokuhlala. Ngaphambi kokucabangela umqondo wokuklama indawo yokudlela engase ibe khona, udinga ukunquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa igumbi elilodwa noma amaningi, bese unikezela yonke indawo etholakalayo.

Bobabili uPetrillo noBruyere bathe izihlalo, ezivamise ukuba nezihlalo ezincane, azibalungele abantu babo bonke osayizi - isibonelo sokuthi umklamo ungawuthumela kanjani ngenhloso noma ungawuthumeli umlayezo wokuhluka. Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi sihlalo kanye nesitulo esihambisana naso sihlala endaweni yomphakathi njengesihlalo esiyintandokazi sazo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zokudlela, amabha kanye namakhefi. Lapho abanikazi bezindawo zokudlela besimanje bekhuluma ngezizathu zokuthenga izihlalo zesitayela sikaTolix, baphinde banake ukusebenza kwazo. Isihlalo sika-Tolix Marais A, esivame ukuba nemibala yensimbi egqamile noma ecwebezelayo, siyisisekelo sokudla emakhefi asemgwaqweni nasezitolo zekhofi.

Ifakwe ifenisha yangaphandle, lolu uchungechunge lwezihlalo ezigoqekayo ze-Bistro namatafula ngensimbi eqinile embozwe ngempushana etholakala ngemibala engu-24. Yisitayela, futhi yengeza i-stash kunoma yiliphi ikhaya noma ingadi eveza kuyo.

Yaziwa nangokuthi isihlalo se-bistro, esaklanywa nguMichael Thonet futhi yethulwa ngo-1859, yaba ifenisha yokuqala emhlabeni ekhiqizwa ngobuningi. Ngenani elithengekayo kanye nomklamo olula, isibe esinye sezihlalo ezithengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke.