Kufunika kwa Wopanga Zida Zankhondo

M'kupita kwa nthawi, osati maonekedwe a mipando okha asintha, komanso zosavuta ndi zosowa, kupititsa patsogolo mbiri ya polojekiti iliyonse. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi zida zikupitilizabe kupanga momwe mipando imapangidwira ndikupangidwira. Ndipo mofanana ndi kamangidwe kalikonse, kudzoza kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthuzo. Kupanga kumayamba ndi njira zatsopano zoganizira ndikuwonetsa momwe mawonekedwe angagwiritsire ntchito ntchito komanso momwe tingasinthire zinthu zopangira zinthu kukhala zinthu zotengera chikhalidwe.

Ngati ntchitoyi ndi yachibadwa ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi achikhalidwe, kusiyana pakati pa kukhala pamwala, khonde, mpando wopinda wa Ikea wa madola khumi kapena miliyoni miliyoni Pininifarina kulemba mpando nthawi imodzi imachita zochitika zachilengedwe zopuma komanso chikhalidwe. chitani. luso, kapena kuzindikira kulenga. Tsopano, kukakhala kosavuta kufotokozera ntchito ya chinthu, m'pamenenso wopanga amatha kupanga mawonekedwe ake.

Mpando ndi chinthu chomwe chimakwaniritsa ntchito yake mosavuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ntchito zake zimakhala zosavuta kukwaniritsa. Zingaganizidwe kuti mipando imapereka njira yosavuta kwa omangamanga kuti aphunzire njira yatsopano asanagwiritse ntchito pazomangamanga.

Nthawi zambiri, mipando imapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilendo, makamaka monga luso kapena kuyesa. Raimonds Tsirulis, wojambula mkati mwa ku Latvia, wapanga mpando wopangidwa ndi manja wopindika kuchokera ku thanthwe lophulika.

Mapangidwe a mpando amaganizira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ergonomics (chitonthozo cha anthu) [25], ndi zofunikira zosagwirizana ndi ergonomic monga kukula, stackability, foldability, kulemera, kulimba, kukana madontho, ndi Art design. Kukonzekera kwa mipando mu chipinda kumatchedwa kuyandikira kwapafupi, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyankha kwa munthu kumalo.

Ngakhale kuti sangakhale pansi, mipandoyi imakhalabe ndi cholinga (kuphatikizanso, kubwereranso ku zophiphiritsa, mipando yachilendo kapena yojambula ingakhalenso zizindikiro za chuma ndi chikoka). Potsirizira pake, mipando (monga umboni wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapangidwe ndi kutengeka kwa omanga ambiri ndi mapangidwe a mipando) ali ndi mtengo wokongola; ndi zokongola kuziwona. Zida zophweka komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimafotokoza nkhani ya mpando wokhala ndi mkono ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo zimapangitsa chidwi ndi makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri a mapangidwe abwino. Kuphatikiza pa malo okhala, mpando ukhoza kuwonetsa mapangidwe abwino kwambiri, kusonyeza zokonda zapayekha, ndipo ukhoza kukhala muyeso wa kayendetsedwe kazojambula ndi chikhalidwe.

Nyengo yamtengo wapatali ya mipando yamakono inali zaka za m'ma 1900, pamene luso lazopangapanga ndi kukwera kwa unyinji kunakankhira okonza bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti achitepo kanthu kuti ayambitsenso mipando yonyozeka. M'malo amasiku ano, mpandowo unkayimira vuto lofunika kwambiri komanso lodziwika bwino la mapangidwe. Pambuyo Papanek, okonza anapitiriza kulimbana ndi mpando chithunzi. Opanga mipando yamakono mochedwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amangokonda kupanga mipando yopangidwa ndi chidutswa chimodzi, adapitilizabe kufufuza zitsulo ndi plywood, mothandizidwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa fiberglass ndi pulasitiki.

Akatswiri oyambirira amakono adanena kuti "mawonekedwe amatsatira ntchito", koma mipando yambiri yomwe inapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 20 inali makamaka zojambulajambula. Zoonadi, izi sizongokhudza mipando: zinthu zambiri zomwe akatswiri opanga mafakitale amabweretsa kumsika sizinapangidwe kwa mabungwe ambiri. Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, luso laukadaulo lakhazikitsa zida zatsopano ndi njira zopangira opanga mipando.

Mipando ndi protagonist wamkulu m'mbiri ya mapangidwe onse ponena za zatsopano ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ndi zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mpando wasintha kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kukhala chizindikiro cha mapangidwe pa siteji iliyonse. Pankhani ya mapangidwe a mafakitale, mpando umakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Mapangidwe a mpando wodziwika bwino ndi wochuluka kuposa mgwirizano wa mawonekedwe ndi ntchito, umaphatikizapo uinjiniya, kuchitapo kanthu komanso malingaliro. Zopangidwa ndi mlengi wachi Dutch Friso Kramer mu 1953, mpando wanga wokondedwa wa Revolt ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha mpando wa ergonomic.

Malo okhalamo amawuziridwa ndi malo ogona okwera / msirikali, miyendo ikukhazikika pamtengo ndi mutu pachikwama, ndipo kupindika kwa thupi kumatsindika mawonekedwe a mpando kuti ukhale womasuka komanso wowoneka bwino. Ergonomics yawo imapangitsa kuti zida za mpando zikhudze ntchito yake. Mpando wodyera ndi mtundu wapadera wa mapangidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira tebulo lodyera. Nkhani yeniyeni imene mpando udzagwiritsire ntchito imakhudza mmene anthu adzakhalamo (owongoka, opendekeka, ndi zina zotero.)

Nthawi zambiri, ngati wokwera akuyembekezeka kukhala pansi kwa nthawi yayitali, kulemera kwake kuyenera kuchotsedwa pampando, motero mipando yopepuka yokhala nthawi yayitali imakonda kutsamira pang'ono. Ergonomics ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati mukufuna kukhala bwino pampando wanu. Okonza ambiri masiku ano akuyang'ana mipando ngati mwayi wopititsa patsogolo kaimidwe ndi thupi.

Zovulala zambiri komanso zolembedwa bwino zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chokhala motalika kwambiri, monga kuwonjezereka kwa matenda amtima, kuwonongeka kwa tibia ndi msana, kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi mapangidwe abwino a mipando.

Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe ambiri amipando amakhala ndi ma cushion akuluakulu, opindika omwe amawoneka ngati akuwonetsa chitonthozo, koma ergonomically, mgwirizano umatsutsana ndi kukongola kumeneko. Sayansi yowona ya ergonomics, Krantz akuti, iyenera kuwongolera opanga ku mapangidwe ampando omwe amathandizira ndi kukhutiritsa kufunikira kwa thupi lakuyenda m'malo osasunthika, okhala ndi mipando yomwe imapendekera kutsogolo, mwachitsanzo, ndi maziko omwe amatha kusinthasintha mokwanira kulola mpando. kusuntha. kulemera kwa thupi lanu kuchokera kumwendo umodzi kupita kumzake. Wopanga mipando angafunike kupanga mapangidwe kuti apange zotsika mtengo komanso zokonda zachilengedwe, pomwe wopanga webusayiti angafunikire kuvomereza chifukwa zigawo zina sizigwirizana pakati pa asakatuli kapena kupanga zovuta.

Komabe, ngakhale opanga amakhulupirira kuti nthawi zonse amayenera kukankhira mainjiniya, ukadaulo ukhozanso kukankhira mapangidwe m'malo atsopano. Ichi ndichifukwa chake opanga mawebusayiti amamvetsetsa gawo lofunikira la code monga momwe opanga mafakitale amamvetsetsa zoyambira zakuthupi ndi physics.

M'nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kufananitsa mapangidwe a mafakitale (mpando) ndi mapangidwe a digito (webusaiti) kuti atsimikizire kuti iwo sali ngati asuweni akutali komanso ngati abale apamtima.

Mipando imaphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi ntchito m'njira yomwe ogula amatha kulowetsamo mosavuta, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuti okonza azitha kuwapanga kukhala angwiro pamene akuphimba nkhani zambiri za mapangidwe - mapangidwe, kusankha zipangizo, njira yopangira, kalembedwe ndi ntchito - mu kabati kakang'ono. ... Mipando yochokera ku Architects ili ndi zitsanzo zambiri za mipando yokonzedwa mbali ndi mbali ndi zithunzi za nyumba zowoneka bwino za okonza. Mipando pa V &Kukumbatira kapangidwe kamakono ponseponse ndikuphatikiza zopereka zazikulu komanso zofalikira m'nthawi zakale zokhala ndi mipando yamakono. Mpando wa Barcelona, ​​​​mmodzi mwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapangidwe amkati, ndi zotsatira za mgwirizano pakati pa katswiri wa zomangamanga wa Bauhaus Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ndi bwenzi lake lakale, womangamanga ndi wojambula Lilly Reich.

Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika kwambiri za zaka zapitazo komanso chizindikiro cha kayendetsedwe kamakono. Ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino am'mbuyo omwe amapereka chitonthozo chomwe mumapeza nthawi zonse pampando. Imagwira ntchito ngati mpando, choncho iyenera kukhala ndi mtundu wina wa mapangidwe.